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Ezekiel - Chapter 36 Listen to Bible:  Listen to Bible
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 Eze 36:1 Also, thou son of man, prophesy unto the mountains of Israel, and say, Ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the LORD:

This passage begins the Lord's discourse on the future, promised blessings on Israel.  These prophecies were given to the prophet Ezekiel during the time of the Babylonian Captivity, in which Israel was desolate for 70 years (starting in 586 BC). 

In Deuteronomy 28 and Leviticus 26, God details His Blessings (for their obedience) and His Cursings (for their disobedience). 

The Blessings upon Israel are that they will be honored, respected, properous, dwell safely, and the Lord will be with them.

The Cursings for their disobedience involve Israel being put out of the land and being hated and persecuted by the nations to where they are exiled, and God turning His face from them.

In the Leviticus passage, it's clear that Israel would go through a short exile for not keeping the Sabbaths for the land (v34) and then be punished 7 times more (or 7 times longer) if they didn't obey God after the first exile. And this is precisely what happened.

Israel was exiled from the land for 70 years starting about 605 BC, and Jerusalem was destroyed 19 years later in 586 BC.  After they returned 70 years later, Israel continued to disobey (although they tried to keep the Law), and this faithlessness reached it's climax in 32 AD, when the religious leadership rejected Jesus as their Messiah. 

And then in 70 AD they were dispersed again to all the nations in the world, until the 430x7 year punishment had been completed.  On May 14, 1948, Israel became an offical, sovereign nation for the first time since 605 BC.  Even after the return from Babylon and in Jesus' time, Israel was not a sovereign nation, and always had a Gentile nation or empire ruling over them.

On June 7, 1967 Israel took possession of the entire city of Jerusalem, right on schedule with God's time-table.  The number of days when Israel became a nation in 1948 and when they retook Jerusalem in 1967 is the SAME number of days between when Israel went into exile in 604 BC and when the city of Jerusalem fell in 586 BC. God kept His Word, and Israel was not exiled ONE DAY LONGER than He had decreed for them.

Chuck Missler at K-House (http://www.khouse.org) has an excellent analysis of this passage and how it provides the solution to God's 430 years of punishment on Israel in his article titled Timely Speculation? Ezekiel's 430 days.
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 Eze 36:2 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the enemy hath said against you, Aha, even the ancient high places are ours in possession:
Like many Biblical prophecies, these are "telescoping" prophecies:  prophecies that have a near-term, partial fulfillent, and also a distant, complete fulfillment. 

The mocking of Israel and the inhabitation of their lands by their enemies primarily occured from 70AD to 1948AD.  For nearly 2000 years, the various Gentile neighbors looked at the land of Israel and said, "Israel has been cast off - see, their land is desolate and they are displaced."

In fact, one of the reason that the Islamic fundamentalists hate Israel so much is because their religion states that once a land had been made Islamic, it will forever remain Islamic.  The Jewish people being back in the land of Israel is repudiates one of the pillars of the Islamic religion, and brings shame upon both them and their god, Allah.
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 Eze 36:3 Therefore prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they have made [you] desolate, and swallowed you up on every side, that ye might be a possession unto the residue of the heathen, and ye are taken up in the lips of talkers, and [are] an infamy of the people:
After the rebellion in 70AD, the people of Israel were dispursed to all nations of the earth (as foretold in the Cursings by Moses) and were unable to re-inhabit Israel until 1948.

The term "wandering Jew" was famous for many centuries, until after 1948 - since then, the term is no longer used.  For nearly 2000 years, Israel was a land without a people and a people without a land.
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 Eze 36:4 Therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes, and to the cities that are forsaken, which became a prey and derision to the residue of the heathen that [are] round about;
The heathen nations that surround Israel today are Egypt, Jordan, Syria and an assortment of the other nations nearby.  These nations have attacked Israel in 1948, 1967, and 1973 only to lose land to her.  Currently, Israel has peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, and Lebanon between Israel and Syria has long been a source of conflict between them.
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 Eze 36:5 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Surely in the fire of my jealousy have I spoken against the residue of the heathen, and against all Idumea, which have appointed my land into their possession with the joy of all [their] heart, with despiteful minds, to cast it out for a prey.
The Idumeans are the remnants of the Edomites - ancient enemies of Israel to their south that started when Jacob tricked Esau out of his birthright in Genesis, over 2700 years ago.

The mixed tribes and peoples in the region of Israel and Jordan are the remnants of these nations, and they have long scorned and mocked Israel.
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 Eze 36:6 Prophesy therefore concerning the land of Israel, and say unto the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I have spoken in my jealousy and in my fury, because ye have borne the shame of the heathen:
God is jealous and angry not just at having Israel scorned, but because His very Name is scorned by His people not being in the land.  When God's people sin and disobey, they cause His name to be blasphemed.
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 Eze 36:7 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I have lifted up mine hand, Surely the heathen that [are] about you, they shall bear their shame.
In 1948, 1967, and 1973, God shamed all the nations around Israel by thwarting their attacks of annialation upon Israel, and even caused them to lose some of their land to Israel. 

It is utterly shameful to both those nations and Islam to keep losing both wars and land to Israel, the cursed nation they have mocked and persecuted for nearly 2000 years. A popular phrase in Israel to their neighbors after 1967 was "Attack us again!  We need the land..." 
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 Eze 36:8 But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches, and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come.
In this verse, God is telling the land itself to become inhabitable and fertile again, because His people are about to return from the Diaspora.

While Israel has always been an agricultural land, it had never really produced fruit in a significant amount.  Also, most of the Jews had taken up (and excelled in) commerce since the exile to Babylon in 586 BC.

But when Israel became a nation again and began to grow after 1948, the people returned to agriculture, and now Israel is the second largest exporter of fruit and flowers to Europe and the rest of the Middle East (the United States the primary supplier).  The feats and accomplishments of Israel's agricultural industry are quite remarkable and innovative, and they have learned how to grow fruit, plants, and trees in the desert (the Negev) with a minimal amount of water.

While their accomplishments are astounding, God is responsible for making their land blossom and bloom, as He promised to in this passage.
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 Eze 36:9 For, behold, I [am] for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown:
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 Eze 36:10 And I will multiply men upon you, all the house of Israel, [even] all of it: and the cities shall be inhabited, and the wastes shall be builded:
From 70 AD to 1948 AD, the land of Israel was an utter wasteland, full of  pestilence-ridden marshes and burning deserts.  Mark Twain remarked in his writings of how desolate the entire land was and how very few people lived there.

Yet from 1948 to the present, the land is fertile again and the population of Israel continues to increase both from the native population and from the massive migration of Jews from all over the world back to Israel.
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 Eze 36:11 And I will multiply upon you man and beast; and they shall increase and bring fruit: and I will settle you after your old estates, and will do better [unto you] than at your beginnings: and ye shall know that I [am] the LORD.
This passage is quite interesting, because God is telling Israel they will be producing fruit (real fruit presently, and later, "spiritual fruit" during the Tribulation and the Millenium that follows).

Also, God is promising to make Israel greater than they were before, and this also has held true in our day.  Previously, Israel had been a small, rather insignificant nation and  a so-so military power.  But after 1948, their military is among the best in the world, and they are much more populous and wealthy than they ever were in the past.
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 Eze 36:12 Yea, I will cause men to walk upon you, [even] my people Israel; and they shall possess thee, and thou shalt be their inheritance, and thou shalt no more henceforth bereave them [of men].
This passage is a promise by God to no more exile them after the return from their long captivity, and their enemies will no longer plague their lands. 

God has kept these promises to them by defeating their enemies in 1948, 1967, and 1973.  Israel may have been the ones firing the bullets and the missiles, but God was directing them to their targets and defending His land.
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 Eze 36:13 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they say unto you, Thou [land] devourest up men, and hast bereaved thy nations;
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 Eze 36:14 Therefore thou shalt devour men no more, neither bereave thy nations any more, saith the Lord GOD.
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 Eze 36:15 Neither will I cause [men] to hear in thee the shame of the heathen any more, neither shalt thou bear the reproach of the people any more, neither shalt thou cause thy nations to fall any more, saith the Lord GOD.
This is similar to v6, in that God says He will no longer let the land of Israel be mocked by all the nations.  And indeed today, no one mocks the nation of Israel and her lands any longer.
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 Eze 36:16 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,
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 Eze 36:17 Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman.
The phrase "uncleannes of a removed woman" is the polite term for a woman during her menstrual period.  This can easily be tied into Isaiah 64:6, in which God says that their righteousness is filthy rags (literally "used menstrual cloths").

Israel's righteousness was not by faith but by works (Romans 9:32), which is abhorrent to God.  Today, Israel owes everything to God simply because of His Grace, and not by their works.  In the upcoming passages of Ezekiel 38-39, God will show Israel once again who is really protecting them.
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 Eze 36:18 Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols [wherewith] they had polluted it:
There are a number of things that God hates: foremost among them are lying tongues, false witnesses, idolatry, and the shedding of innocent blood.  Idolatry (spiritual adultery) always goes hand-in-hand with adultery and promiscuity in a nation. 

Following closely behind adultery and idolatry is an drastic increase in diseases, social breakdown, and violence. Lastly in a nation before God brings it to judgement is the cultural acceptance of perverted sexual practices, homosexuality, and child sacrifice (killing of innocent children before or after they are born).

Israel was guilty of all these trespasses, as is much of the modern nations today.  Evil tends to progress, spread, and grow like cancer until either God sends a revival (such as the Great Awakenings) or brings the land to judgement.  As the entire world grows more and more wicked, the time grows closer to when God will bring the entire world into judgement: the Tribulation.
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 Eze 36:19 And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.
In scattering Israel among the heathen, God essentially gave them what they were wanting.  They wanted to behave like the heathen, so He forcibly sent them to live among the heathen.  They wanted to worship idols, so God sent them into other lands where idolatry was enforced.
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 Eze 36:20 And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These [are] the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land.
How did Israel profane God's name?  By their idolatry and exile from the land.  Everywhere they went, the people mocked them because of being put out of the land, and in doing so, they mocked God.
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 Eze 36:21 But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went.
God values His name above everything else, except His Word.  God's greatness demands reverance for His name, and when He is profaned among the nations and misrepresented by His people, sooner or later even He has enough of it, and moves to set the record straight.

What a comfort it is to know that above all else, God keeps His promises, and to break them would be impossible for Him.  God is perfect and sinless, and to break a promise is to sin, which God cannot do. 

There are a few things that God cannot do, that we humans happen to do very well all the time:  He cannot sin, lie, or break His promises.
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 Eze 36:22 Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not [this] for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name's sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went.
Once again, God is making it clear that Israel is back in the land and protected ONLY because of God's grace, and not by their works, cleverness, ingenuity, or deeds.
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 Eze 36:23 And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I [am] the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes.
When will the nations know that God is once again with Israel?  When the nations described in Ezekiel 38-39 launch a massive, deadly attack on Israel and God wipes out their armies, and Israel emerges unscathed.
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 Eze 36:24 For I will take you from among the heathen, and gather you out of all countries, and will bring you into your own land.
This restoration and regathering of the outcasts of Israel back to the land has been occuring since the early 20th century and continues to this day.  The Jews were exiled to all the nations of the earth and have been steadily moving back to Israel from Russia, Ethiopia, Europe, and many other nations since 1948.

In Isaiah 11:11, God says that He will regather His people for the SECOND TIME from all the lands of the earth where He had scattered them, and bring them back to the land of Israel.  There has only been 2 regatherings of Israel in the history of the world:  a minor one under Cyrus after the Babylonian Captivity, and the current regathering after 1948. The Isaiah 11:11 prophecy clearly speaks of the regathering in our times, since the Jews were not dispersed to every nation in the world during the Babylonian Captivity, but were during the Diaspora after 70 AD.
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 Eze 36:25 Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.
The sprinkling of water upon a person goes back to the Law, typically performed to show the person that they were now cleansed from their uncleanness.

In the Law, when a person would in some way become unclean (by touching a dead body, have a skin disease, etc.), they would be separated from others for a specific period of time.  After the time period was finished, they were sprinkled and cleansed and allowed back into contact with their family members, friends, and their society.

This is a great picture of what God had done, is doing, and what He will do with Israel:  through their sin they had made themselves unclean, and God set them aside for a specified time and isolated them from Himself.  But once the time period was over, He has promised to bring them back and cleanse them and no longer be apart from them. 
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 Eze 36:26 A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh.
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 Eze 36:27 And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do [them].
This has yet to happen to Israel - they are still encumbered with the Law (written on the Stone tablets) that gives them their heart of stone.

The awareness of God's love, as recognized through His grace and mercy, is what turns our hearts of stone to hearts of flesh, and God promises to put His Spirit in the hearts of Israel, and turn them to His grace and love, away from the Law which brings death.

Paul's discources on Law and Grace delve into how you cannot keep the Law by your own efforts, and how trying to keep the Law only makes you break it more often!  But when you give yourself over to God's grace and let His Spirit indwell you, you end up keeping His Law by yielding to Him and His efforts, not yours.
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 Eze 36:28 And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.
Just as a loving father longs to be with his children, so God has long yearned to be with Israel, and the other faithful of mankind.  Throughout the Bible, God is calling out a holy, separate people to Himself, that He may walk with them and they with Him.
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 Eze 36:29 I will also save you from all your uncleannesses: and I will call for the corn, and will increase it, and lay no famine upon you.
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 Eze 36:30 And I will multiply the fruit of the tree, and the increase of the field, that ye shall receive no more reproach of famine among the heathen.
This is re-iterating what God mentioned in v8, that He would increase their fruit-bearing (physical and spiritual) and give them an abundant crop and harvest.  Israel today might have water shortages and rationing, but they no longer have famines, though many of the nations around them do.

Also, this verse shows that inspite of Israel's agricultural technology, God is the one who is making their land produce fruit and crops like never before, even in the Negev.
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 Eze 36:31 Then shall ye remember your own evil ways, and your doings that [were] not good, and shall lothe yourselves in your own sight for your iniquities and for your abominations.
This verse also has yet to be fulfilled, and will probably not be fulfilled until near the end of the Tribulation or perhaps during the Millenium.  Israel today is very secular, and rather European in their attitudes towards God, worship, and religion.

But after God puts His Spirit in them and their eyes are opened, they will see their past sins and how they hurt the Lord, and mourn and grieve over them, repenting in full.
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 Eze 36:32 Not for your sakes do I [this], saith the Lord GOD, be it known unto you: be ashamed and confounded for your own ways, O house of Israel.
God is calling them to repent and soften their hard hearts, but it won't be until after He has put His Spirit in them.
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 Eze 36:33 Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day that I shall have cleansed you from all your iniquities I will also cause [you] to dwell in the cities, and the wastes shall be builded.
Since 1948, Israel has been growing and expanding in the land like never before.  The land was an utter wasteland for nearly 1900 years, yet now Israel is growing crops in the wastelands and expanding the cities which had been in ruins for centuries.
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 Eze 36:34 And the desolate land shall be tilled, whereas it lay desolate in the sight of all that passed by.
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 Eze 36:35 And they shall say, This land that was desolate is become like the garden of Eden; and the waste and desolate and ruined cities [are become] fenced, [and] are inhabited.
Again, since 1948, the land of Israel has undergone miraculous changes, going from wastelands and ruins to massive farmlands and great, modern cities.  Along with agriculture, Israel also has vibrant wool, meat, and breeding industries.
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 Eze 36:36 Then the heathen that are left round about you shall know that I the LORD build the ruined [places, and] plant that that was desolate: I the LORD have spoken [it], and I will do [it].
Before 1948, the land of Israel was wastelands and ruined, like many of their neighbors like Jordan, Syria, and Egypt.  But since 1948, Israel has literally blossomed, while their neighbors continue as before.  And part of their animosity against Israel is because Israel is once again being blessed by God, and they are not.
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 Eze 36:37 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will yet [for] this be enquired of by the house of Israel, to do [it] for them; I will increase them with men like a flock.
In Israel today, there is a slow, but steady, messianic movement, and through the work of groups like Jews For Jesus, Calvary Chapel, and others, more Israelis are becoming messianic: being saved by believing that Jesus is indeed their Messiah.
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 Eze 36:38 As the holy flock, as the flock of Jerusalem in her solemn feasts; so shall the waste cities be filled with flocks of men: and they shall know that I [am] the LORD.
The phrase "and they shall know that I am the LORD" is the main point of the Book of Ezekiel - God making Himself known once again to both Israel and the rest of the earth, all of which have long forgotten or cast off God.  The phrase is repeated dozens of times in Ezekiel, and is tied to God's longing to be with His people.